Mumbai (Marathi Marathi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of western and central India. It is the official language of the state of Maharashtra. There are 90 million fluent speakers worldwide. Marathi is the 4th most spoken language in India and the 15th most spoken language in the world. Marathi is the oldest of the regional literatures in: मुंबई, Mumbaī, IPA: [mʊmbaɪ]( listen) moom-BYE), also known as Bombay, is the capital of the Indian Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four major religions, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism originated here, while Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam state of Maharashtra Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र mahārāṣṭra, IPA: [məharaːʂʈrə]) is a state located in South West India. The word Maharashtra comes from the words Maha meaning Great and Rashtra meaning Nation, thus rendering the name Maharashtra (Great Nation). It is the second most populous and third largest state by area in India. It is the most populous city in India The following is a list of the most populous cities in India. Population statistics indicated in this article are estimates for the year 2009. Note that this is a list of city populations and does not indicate urban agglomeration populations, and the second most populous city in the world This is a list of the most populous cities of the world defined according to the concept of city proper. The list ranks the world's urban municipal units according to population. Note that the populations listed are for the city proper and not for the urban area nor the metropolitan area. The meaning and role of the political units taken for the, with a population of approximately 14 million.[1] Along with the neighbouring urban areas The Mumbai Metropolitan Area/Mumbai Metropolitan Region is the metropolitan area consisting of the metropolis of Mumbai and its satellite towns. Developing over a period of about 20 years, it consists of seven municipal corporations and fifteen smaller municipal councils. The entire area is overseen by the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development, including the cities of Navi Mumbai Navi Mumbai is a city on the west coast of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It was developed in 1972 as a twin city of Mumbai, and is the largest planned city in the world, with 163 square kilometres (63 sq mi) under the jurisdiction of the Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC) and a total area of 344 square kilometres (133 sq mi). Navi Mumbai and Thane Thane , (also called Thana) is a city in Maharashtra, India, part of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, northeastern suburb of Mumbai at the head of the Thane Creek. It is the administrative headquarters of Thane District. The city has an area of 147 km2. It had a population of 1.26 million according to the 2001 census, it is one of the most populous urban regions in the world.[3] Mumbai lies on the west The Konkan also called the Konkan Coast or Karavali, is a rugged section of the western coastline of India from Raigad to Mangalore. The sapta-Konkan is a slightly larger region described in the Skanda-purana coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. As of 2009, Mumbai was named an Alpha world city.[4] Mumbai is also the richest city in India,[5] and has the highest GDP of any city in South South Asia, also known as Southern Asia, is the southern region of the Asian continent, which comprises the sub-Himalayan countries and, for some authorities , also includes the adjoining countries on the west and the east. Topographically, it is dominated by the Indian Plate, which rises above sea level as the Indian subcontinent south of the or Central Asia Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west, China in the east, Afghanistan in the south, and Russia in the north. It is also sometimes known as Middle Asia or Inner Asia, and is within the scope of the wider Eurasian continent.[6]
The seven islands What is now recognized as Mumbai originally consisted of seven discrete coastal islands. Over a span of five centuries, the seven islands were gradually physically united through land reclamation projects to form the city of Mumbai as it is today and part of the historic Old Bombay. The original archipelago was composed of the following islands: that came to constitute Mumbai were home to communities of fishing colonies The Koli community is an ethnic group found throughout India. Kolis are found in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and rest of India. In Maharashtra they are found in the coastal regions of Maharashtra. They are also one of the original inhabitants of Greater Mumbai, which comprises the seven islands of Bombay . In Gujarat, the Koli community. For centuries, the islands came under the control of successive indigenous empires before being ceded to the Portuguese It was also the longest-lived of the modern European colonial empires, spanning almost six centuries, from the capture of Ceuta in 1415 to the handover of Macau in 1999 and subsequently to the British East India Company The East India Company was an early English joint-stock company that was formed initially for pursuing trade with the East Indies, but that ended up trading mainly with the Indian subcontinent and China. The oldest among several similarly formed European East India Companies, the Company was granted an English Royal Charter, under the name. During the mid-18th century, Bombay was reshaped by the British with large-scale civil engineering projects,[7] and emerged as a significant trading town. Economic and educational development characterised the city during the 19th century. It became a strong base for the Indian independence movement The term Indian independence movement encompasses a wide spectrum of political organizations, philosophies, and movements which had the common aim of ending British colonial authority in South Asia. The term incorporates various national and regional campaigns, agitations and efforts of both nonviolent and militant philosophy during the early 20th century. When India became independent in 1947, the city was incorporated into Bombay State. In 1960, following the Samyukta Maharashtra movement Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti , roughly translated as United Maharashtra Committee, was an organisation that spearheaded the demand in the 1950s for the creation of a separate Marathi-speaking state out of the (then bilingual) State of Bombay in western India, with the city of Bombay (now known as Mumbai) as its capital, a new state of Maharashtra Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र mahārāṣṭra, IPA: [məharaːʂʈrə]) is a state located in South West India. The word Maharashtra comes from the words Maha meaning Great and Rashtra meaning Nation, thus rendering the name Maharashtra (Great Nation). It is the second most populous and third largest state by area in India was created with Bombay as capital. It was renamed Mumbai in 1996.[8]
Mumbai is the commercial and entertainment capital of India, generating 5% of India's GDP The gross domestic product or gross domestic income (GDI) is a measure of a country's overall official economic output. It is the market value of all final goods and services officially made within the borders of a country in a year. It is often positively correlated with the standard of living, though its use as a stand-in for measuring the,[9] and accounting for 25% of industrial output, 70% of maritime trade in India (Mumbai Port & JNPT Nhava Sheva is the largest port in India, handling close to 50% of the country's port traffic. The main goods exported are cotton shirts, knitted t-shirts, sporting goods, carpets, other textile articles like embroidery machines and etc., boneless meat, and medicaments. The main imports are chemicals, machinery, plastics, electrical machinery,),[10] and 70% of capital transactions to India's economy The economy of India is the eleventh largest economy in the world by nominal GDP. and the fourth largest by purchasing power parity . In the 1990s, following economic reform from the socialist-inspired economy of post-independence India, the country began to experience rapid economic growth, as markets opened for international competition and.[11] Mumbai is home to important financial institutions such as the Reserve Bank of India The Reserve Bank of India is the central bank of India and controls the monetary policy of the rupee as well as 287.37 billion US-Dollar (2009) currency reserves. The institution was established on 1 April 1935 during the British-Raj in accordance with the provisions of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 and plays an important part in the, the Bombay Stock Exchange The Bombay Stock Exchange Limited (formerly, The Stock Exchange, Mumbai; popularly called Bombay Stock Exchange, or BSE) is the oldest stock exchange in Asia and has the third largest number of listed companies in the world, with 4700 listed as of August 2007. It is located at Dalal Street, Mumbai, India. On 31 December 2007, the equity market, the National Stock Exchange of India The National Stock Exchange of India Limited is a Mumbai-based stock exchange. It is the largest stock exchange in India in terms of daily turnover and number of trades, for both equities and derivative trading.. NSE has a market capitalization of around Rs 47,01,923 crore (7 August 2009) and is expected to become the biggest stock exchange in and the corporate headquarters of numerous Indian companies 34 Indian companies have been listed in the Forbes Global 2000 ranking for 2008. The leading companies are: and multinational corporations A multinational corporation or transnational corporation (TNC), also called multinational enterprise (MNE), is a corporation or an enterprise that manages production or delivers services in more than one country. It can also be referred as an international corporation. The International Labour Organization (ILO) has defined[citation needed] an MNC. It houses India's premier nuclear institutes like BARC, NPCL, IREL, TIFR The Tata Institute of Fundamental Research is a premier institution in India for higher education and research. The main academic disciplines studied at the institute are natural sciences, mathematics and theoretical computer science. It is located at Navy Nagar Colaba, Mumbai. It is one of the outstanding research centres in India, and is, AERB, AECI, and the Department of Atomic Energy. The city also houses India's Hindi film and television industry The cinema of India consists of films produced across India, including the cinematic culture of Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Mumbai, Punjab, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. Indian films came to be followed throughout South Asia and the Middle East. As cinema as a medium gained popularity in the country as many as 1,000 films in, known as Bollywood Bollywood is the informal term popularly used for the Hindi-language film industry based in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. The term is often incorrectly used to refer to the whole of Indian cinema; it is only a part of the total Indian film industry, which includes several regional film industries sorted by language. Bollywood is the largest film. Mumbai's business opportunities, as well as its potential to offer a higher standard of living The single most common indicator used to quantify standard of living is the per capita purchasing power parity adjusted gross domestic product (GDP). In 2007, the per capita PPP-adjusted GDP for India was US$3,659.[citation needed], attract migrants from all over India and, in turn, make the city a potpourri Potpourri is a mixture of dried, naturally fragrant plant material, used to provide a gentle natural scent in houses. It is usually placed in a decorative wooden bowl, or tied in small bags made from sheer fabric of many communities and cultures The culture of India has been shaped not only by its long history, unique geography and diverse demography, but also by its ancient heritages, which were formed during the Indus Valley Civilization and evolved further during the Vedic age, rise and decline of Buddhism, the Golden age, invasions from Central Asia, European colonization and the rise.
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Toponymy
The name Mumbai is an eponym An eponym is the name of a person, whether real or fictitious, after which a particular place, tribe, era, discovery, or other item is named or thought to be named. One who is referred to as eponymous is someone who gives his or her name to something, e.g. Julian, the eponymous owner of the famous restaurant Julian's Castle. Something eponymous is, derived from Mumba or Maha-Amba—the name of the Koli The Koli community is an ethnic group found throughout India. Kolis are found in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and rest of India. In Maharashtra they are found in the coastal regions of Maharashtra. They are also one of the original inhabitants of Greater Mumbai, which comprises the seven islands of Bombay . In Gujarat, the Koli community goddess Mumbadevi—and Aai, "mother" in Marathi Marathi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of western and central India. It is the official language of the state of Maharashtra. There are 90 million fluent speakers worldwide. Marathi ranks 4th in native speakers in India and is the 15th most spoken language in the world. Marathi is the oldest of the regional literatures in.[12]
The oldest known names for the city are Kakamuchee and Galajunkja; these are sometimes still used.[13][14] Ali Muhammad Khan, in the Mirat-i-Ahmedi (1507) referred to the city as Manbai.[15] In 1508, Portuguese Portugal /ˈpɔɹtʃʉɡəl/ (Portuguese: Portugal, Mirandese: Pertual), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa; Mirandese: República Pertuesa), is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and writer Gaspar Correia used the name Bombaim, in his Lendas da Índia ("Legends of India").[16][17] This name possibly originated as the Old Portuguese Galician-Portuguese was a West Iberian Romance language spoken in the Middle Ages, in the northwest area of the Iberian Peninsula. It was first spoken in the area bounded in the north and west by the Atlantic Ocean and the Douro River in the south but it was later extended south of the Douro by the Reconquista. It is the common ancestor of modern phrase bom baim, meaning "good little bay",[18] and Bombaim is still commonly used in Portuguese Portuguese ( português or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that grew from the Latin descended Galician-Portuguese language that was spoken in the mediaeval Kingdom of Galicia, whose territory is now divided between northern Portugal, Galicia and Asturias. It also absorbed influences from the Romance and Arabic languages spoken in the.[19] In 1516, Portuguese explorer Duarte Barbosa Duarte Barbosa was a Portuguese writer and trader. Living in the 15th and the 16th century, his father was Diogo Barbosa. He travelled as a supernumerary with Ferdinand Magellan in the Armada de Molucca expedition along with approximately 260 people of various ranks. During his journey, he wrote detailed accounts of foreign cultures uses the name Tana-Maiambu: Tana appears to refer to the adjoining town of Thane Thane , (also called Thana) is a city in Maharashtra, India, part of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, northeastern suburb of Mumbai at the head of the Thane Creek. It is the administrative headquarters of Thane District. The city has an area of 147 km2. It had a population of 1.26 million according to the 2001 census and Maiambu to Mumbadevi.[20]
The temple of local Hindu goddess Mumbadevi, after whom the city of Mumbai derives its name.Other variations recorded in the 16th and the 17th centuries include: Mombayn (1525), Bombay (1538), Bombain (1552), Bombaym (1552), Monbaym (1554), Mombaim (1563), Mombaym (1644), Bambaye (1666), Bombaiim (1666), Bombeye (1676), and Boon Bay (1690).[19][21] After the British The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom, that had originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. At its height it was the largest empire in history and, for over a gained possession of the city in the 17th century, the Portuguese name was officially anglicised Anglicisation or anglicization is a process of conversion of verbal or written elements of any other language into a more comprehensible English form for an English speaker, or to become English in form or character as Bombay.[22]
By the late 20th century, the city was known as Mumbai or Mambai to Marathi Marathi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of western and central India. It is the official language of the state of Maharashtra. There are 90 million fluent speakers worldwide. Marathi is the 4th most spoken language in India and the 15th most spoken language in the world. Marathi is the oldest of the regional literatures in speakers and as Bambai in Hindi Hindi (Devanāgarī: हिन्दी or हिंदी, IAST: Hindī, IPA: [ˈɦɪndiː] ) is the name given to various Indo-Aryan languages, dialects, and language registers spoken in northern and central India, Pakistan, Fiji, Mauritius, and Suriname. Standard Hindi is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India, one of the official language, Persian Persian is an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. It is widely spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and to some extent in Iraq, Bahrain, and Oman. New Persian, which usually is called also by the names of Farsi, Parsi, Dari or Parsi-ye-Dari (Dari Persian), can be classified linguistically and Urdu Urdu (Urdu: اردو, IPA: [ˈʊrduː] ) is the national language and one of the two official languages of Pakistan (the other being English), and one of 22 scheduled languages of India, as an official language of five Indian states. Based on the Hindi dialect of Delhi, its vocabulary developed under Persian and Turkic influence over the course of. The English name was officially changed to Mumbai in November 1995.[23] This came at the insistence of the Hindu A Hindu ( pronunciation , Devanagari: हिन्दु) is an adherent of Hinduism, a set of religious, philosophical and cultural systems that originated in the Indian subcontinent. The vast body of Hindu scriptures, divided into Śruti ("revealed") and Smriti ("remembered"), lay the foundation of Hindu beliefs, which nationalist Shiv Sena party, that had just won the Maharashtra state elections and mirrored similar name changes across the country. However, the city is still commonly referred to as Bombay by many of its residents and Indians from other regions as well.[24]
A widespread popular etymology of Bombay holds that it was derived from a Portuguese name meaning "good bay". This is based on the facts that bom is Portuguese for "good" and baía (or the archaic spelling bahia) means "bay". However, this literal translation Literal translation, also known as direct translation in everyday usage has the meaning of the rendering of text from one language to another "word-for-word" rather than conveying the sense of the original. However in translation studies literal translation has the meaning of technical translation of scientific, technical, technological would have been incorrect in grammatical gender In linguistics, grammatical genders are classes of nouns reflected in the behavior of associated words; every noun must belong to one of the classes and there should be very few that belong to several classes at once, as bom is masculine, while baia is feminine; a correct Portuguese rendering of "good bay" would be boa ba(h)ia. In case, baim is an archaic, masculine word for "little bay".[18]
Portuguese scholar José Pedro Machado in his Dicionário Onomástico Etimológico da Língua Portuguesa (1981; "Portuguese Dictionary of Onomastics and Etymology"), seems to reject the "Bom Bahia" hypothesis, suggesting that the presence of a bay was a coincidence (rather than a basis of the toponym) and led to a misconception, that the noun (bahia; "bay") was an integral part of the Portuguese name.[25]
History
Main article: History of Mumbai See also: Timeline of Mumbai events
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Thu, 02 Sep 2010 05:56:02 GMT+00:00
Times of India It's once again the time when kanhaiyas from every gully in Mumbai will throng the street, high on the excitement of 'dahi-handi'. ...
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him to experience the thrill of walking 10 miles in waist deep water in pouring rainfall I have first hand experience had to do it once to get back home from work Random Pic From Google http blog gagankaul com wp content uploads 2006 07 mumbai monsoon 3 jpg And by collusion association Binve is also found guilty and hence only receives +1 rec instead of the 10 deserved Hey
Thu, 12 Feb 2009 19:13:38 PST
Pakistan admitted Thursday that the plan for the Mumbai attacks last year was hatched in Pakistan and that six suspects are now in custody.. video.nytimes.com.
